To the best of our knowledge, Earth is the only known planet with life. This is quite surprising given that we have discovered thousands of planets since the discovery of the first exoplanet in the mid-1990s. Since then, we've discovered a variety of techniques for finding planets orbiting stars other than our Sun, the most notable of which being planetary transits and Doppler shifts, commonly known as radial velocity measurements. Recently, the technology to directly photograph the planets was developed, however these photos are still very low quality and do not reveal much information about the planets. A planet must be within a star's habitable zone in order to possibly contain life. A habitable zone is a region of a star's orbit where liquid water may exist on its surface. NASA's Kepler mission has discovered several possibly habitable planets, including Kepler-22b. In contrast, it has discovered a large number of planets with extremely harsh conditions. So, in today's video, we'll look at some of the most bizarre exoplanets ever identified by scientists! A recent study claims that scientists have clearly detected an "invisible" extraterrestrial planet for the first time by observing how its gravity influences the orbit of a neighboring world. Both alien planets, known as Kepler-19b and Kepler-19c, were discovered by NASA's Kepler space telescope. Kepler discovered 19b as it passed in front of its host star or transited it. After noticing that 19b's transits arrived a bit later or earlier than expected, researchers deduced the existence of 19c. The gravity of 19c pulls on 19b, causing its orbit to change. According to the researchers, the discovery of Kepler-19c is the first time this method — known as transit timing variation, or TTV — has robustly detected an exoplanet. However, it is unlikely to be the last. "My expectation is that this method will be applied dozens of times, if not more, for other candidates in the Kepler mission," said research main author Sarah Ballard of the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics in Cambridge, Massachusetts.
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