According to the laws of gravity, its strength weakens with distance. For example, the Sun’s gravitational pull on Mercury is much stronger than on distant objects like Pluto or those in the outer edge of the solar system. This principle isn’t limited to our solar system—it applies universally, from stars and galaxies to massive black holes.
But in the late 1900s, something unexpected happened. When scientists began observing galaxies more closely—especially in the 1970s with astronomer Vera Rubin's work—they noticed something strange: stars far from the centers of galaxies were moving just as fast as those near the core. According to Newtonian gravity, those outer stars should have been moving much slower.
Back then, no one really knew what was holding the stars together inside galaxies. But with more observations and evidence, scientists realized that something invisible must be working behind the scenes. They called this hidden force dark matter.
No one knows exactly what dark matter is or what it’s made of, but many observations suggest that it has played a huge role in the formation and growth of galaxies. This dark matter perfectly explains how the universe evolved and how cosmic structures came into existence.
According to the standard model of cosmology, after normal matter formed just after the Big Bang, dark matter pulled it together using its gravity. Over billions of years, stars and galaxies began to form and grow inside these dark matter “halos.” Even the large-scale structure of the universe—the vast web of galaxies, clusters, and cosmic filaments we see today—was shaped by dark matter. It acted like an invisible framework, helping normal matter clump together and form galaxies. Even the tiny temperature ripples we see in the Cosmic Microwave Background radiation carry clear signs of dark matter’s impact in the early universe.
But wait—what the James Webb Space Telescope has recently discovered in the early universe is shaking up everything we thought we knew. It’s raising serious questions about dark matter—either we’ve misunderstood it completely, or maybe it doesn’t exist at all. also these Discoveries Suggested that the universe is Something or may be inside something that Behave way Strangely than what we Predicted.
